Jacob relented with Judah's offer, possibly because of the extension in time for the drought, but also possibly because he offered his own life, rather than his sons' lives as the 'deposit'.
Benjamin was given a meal five times the size of the others in recognition of his place and position and Joseph's gratitude to God for him still being alive. It may have been affection for Benjamin AND a test for his brothers to see how they responded to Joseph's kindness to the youngest. Either way, they passed the test and affection was shown.
The brothers' care for their father is obvious in this, the compassion for Benjamin clear. Their behaviour has changed and they are now taking care of both. They are showing love and responsibility, rather than hatred and irresponsibility.
Judah has taken the lead throughout this speech and appeal. (Judah is to be the one whose descendants would include Jesus.) He shows sensitivity, politeness, respect and honour, honesty, urgency, personal involvement and willingness, and a desire to respect his father and look after his well-being. All of this is a real change in Judah's behaviour from 37:26-27 and 38:1ff - he is a great reminder that we should never despair totally of anyone and even the most evil/fallen person is not beyond God's hope of change and repentance.
Joseph could have seen anger and opportunity for revenge, but rather he saw God's dealings throughout his life and his family's interaction with him. He used the sufferings and interaction with the family to test whether the brothers had changed at all, and in doing so, he saw changes in their behaviour, even if it was not complete. He then used the opportunity to show grace and bring about reconciliation.
The restoration of family harmony brought about unity, reconciliation, joy, honesty and openness, the blessing of his position, as well as some fun and mischief!
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